“Minds built to go the distance”

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Image by Cristòfol Josep Bordes

Boston Globe – A Kenyan man has won the marathon every year for all but two of the last 22 years. Kenyan women have won nine of the last 13.

Their dominance has prompted a flurry of scientific studies into why Kenyans run so well. Some say it’s their diet. Others say it’s the high altitude. Still others insist it’s a genetic gift of lean bodies and wiry legs. But those theories fail to account for perhaps the most important factors: the marathoner’s brain, and his or her concept of distance itself.

In that Kenyan town, nobody ran anywhere if they could help it, even though it was the home of Cosmas Ndeti, a three-time Boston Marathon winner. But most everybody, especially children, walked long distances routinely without complaint, and shared the perception that a few miles — even five or 10 miles — wasn’t really all that far.

Perceptions matter. Experiments by Samuele Marcora, director of research at the Centre for Sports Studies at the University of Kent, suggest our physical limits are set not by our bodies but by our brains. Fatigue sets in when our anterior cingulate cortex sends a message to our muscles that the physical challenge we are undertaking is too daunting to complete. When a runner collapses in exhaustion, it’s rarely because the muscles ran out of oxygen or fuel. It’s because the anterior cingulate cortex has decided that the cost of exertion is not worth the benefit. But if the brain believes that the distance is manageable enough — and the mission important enough — we push ourselves to the max.

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What I love about this article is that it’s pointing out how our limits are defined by how far we think we can go. So many of our daily obstacles are mental challenges that we have to overcome, whether it’s going another mile, starting a new project, going for anything that seems out of reach. It’s a good reminder to keeping pushing yourself, even when you think you can’t go any further.

The challenge of communicating climate change

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(http://www.ipcc.ch/presentations_and_speeches/presentations_and_speeches.shtml#.T25Je44zNWs)

Look at the chart above carefully. What do you see?

I see a stuffed chart with some legible text, some visual cues as to where I should be looking and code that I don’t understand. (and yes, I noticed the comic sans type too). It isn’t a complicated document, yet it could potentially be to someone who isn’t familiar with how to read it.

This was a slide in a presentation given at the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change’s 15th conference in Copenhagen (2009). The event was titled “IPCC Findings and Activities and their Relevance for the UNFCCC Process.”

Documents like this should probably consider presentation in the presentation. As a scientific document, you want to make sure that it’s readable. As a document that the public is going to view, you want to make sure that it’s understandable. As a “government” document, you want to make sure it looks professional.

This isn’t even that bad, but it’s not what it could be.

If we want people to understand a subject matter and how urgent it is to address the matter, we want it draw people in. It’s the difference between saying “wow that’s amazing” and “I guess that suffices.”

Scientists aren’t communicating with us yet, and that’s a fact. They’re mainly communication with each other, which means using jargon that will fly pass our ears.

The Christian Science Monitor wrote a few days ago, “The American public is generally illiterate when it comes to science (so says the National Science Foundation). And when American scientists complain about public illiteracy and lethargy on the vitally important subject of climate change, they also have themselves to blame.

Generally, those who know the most about climate – and other important scientific fields – are locked up in their university ivory towers and conference rooms, speaking a language only they can understand.

And they speak mostly to each other, not to the general public, policymakers, or business people – not to those who can actually make things happen.

This is dangerous. We live in an age when scientific issues permeate our social, economic, and political culture. People must be educated about science and the scientific process if we are to make rational and informed decisions that affect our future. Indeed, a well functioning democracy requires it.

But instead, the relative absence of academics and academic scholarship in the public discourse creates a vacuum into which uninformed, wrong, and downright destructive viewpoints get voiced and take hold.”

This is exactly what frustrates me so much. It’s that lack of good communication doesn’t just hinder progress, it pushes us backwards into a hole of misunderstanding. It makes being judgemental and ignorant easy.

As designers, we have the potential to solve a lot of these types of problems. We can bridge the communication gap between the technical experts and everyone else. We need better.

“The Challenge to Make Chocolate Child Labour Free”

I just found these videos, and I’m incredibly sad to hear that 300,000 children are employed on cocoa plantations where they work in conditions that expose them to toxic pesticides and injury. It seems that so much of what we consume these days is part of a system that involves exploitation of human labor. The socio-economic imbalance that capitalism spawns is something that makes me question what we as a society really value.

Dr. Lisa Randall @ RISD

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Dr. Lisa Randall gave a talk at RISD a few days ago as part of the Presidential Shared Voices Lecture Series. Dr. Randall is a theoretical physicist and also one of the most brilliant scientists alive. She’s been listed in TIME Magazine’s Top 100 Most Influential People of 2007 and received her doctorate at Harvard University. Her work? Dark matter, string theory and other crazy fascinating subjects. I don’t understand quantum mechanics per se, but I still love the ideas proposed in this field.

I just wanted to talk about one idea that Dr. Randall mentioned in the lecture, which is how the context of an object is affected by scale. She used the example of the Eiffel Tower. From street-level, we see metal beams and arches. From another building that’s quite a bit further away, we might be able to see the whole tower and it’s iconic shape. From a satellite in space, we don’t see anything. Without being close to ground-level, we would never even see the Effiel tower or know that it existed. We only discovered the atom when we had the available technology to view it. The same with quarks. We are now using the Large Hadron Collider to try and find the Higgs Particle.

We don’t know what the smallest particle is unless we have the technology to see it. What is small? What is large? We don’t really know, because we are judging the scale of everything based on its relation to us. It extends in both directions. The observable universe is 46.6 billion light years in diameter, because that as far as we can calculate. Dr. Randall remarked that she saw no reason why there wouldn’t be multiple universes, each expanding at different rates.

Nature created limitations for what our eyes could see, but it didn’t on what our brains could imagine. For all we know, there could be ever smaller particles existing within the universe that we will never be able to get to the bottom of. There may be an infinite number of universes, each with different forces governing it.

Everything is essentially relative to us. But imagine if we could see beyond this and think more often beyond it. How large/small are we in the scale of everything? We’ll never really know.

Creaktif

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Check this website out!

  • Moving the mouse from left to right changes the viewer’s perspective of the background image.
  • Clicking on the links in the center leads to some interesting effects within the center-top circle. Each image zooms in and pixelates to transition to the next image.
  • Because the background image is a 3D rendering, it appears that some parts of it are closer to you than others.

All in all, a very cool webpage.

Wikipedia’s SOPA Protest

While Wikipedia was blacked out for a day, I decided to go and twitter and see how people were reacting to the protest. Most seemed to be in support of it; some folks did contact their representatives (thank you), some others used it to brandish their web skills and spread word about how to circumnavigate it and others were just plain annoyed that they couldn’t use it. Some tweeted about the things they were about to look up, which made me realize that people use Wikipedia to search for some seriously specific things.

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